ทวิตเตอร์ 18+ – เราเป็นกลุ่มเพื่อนที่รักการเขียนและแบ่งปันเรื่องราวของเรา เราผ่านอะไรมาด้วยกันมากมาย และเราต้องการแบ่งปันประสบการณ์ของเรากับคนทั้งโลก เราหวังว่าเรื่องราวของเราจะสร้างแรงบันดาลใจให้ผู้อื่นได้ใช้ชีวิตที่ดีที่สุด

เราเริ่มต้นเว็บไซต์นี้เพราะเรารักประเทศไทยและเราต้องการแบ่งปันความรักของประเทศของเรากับคนทั่วโลก เราคิดว่าประเทศไทยเป็นสถานที่ที่สวยงามและน่าสนใจที่สุดแห่งหนึ่งของโลก และเราต้องการที่จะแสดงให้ผู้คนเห็นว่าสิ่งใดที่ทำให้ที่นี่มีความพิเศษ

เราอัปเดตไซต์ของเราทุกวันด้วยเรื่องราวและรูปภาพใหม่ๆ เพื่อให้ทุกคนสามารถติดตามข่าวสารล่าสุดเกี่ยวกับสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้นในประเทศไทย เราคือทีมนักเขียนและนักวิจัยที่กระตือรือร้นและมุ่งมั่นที่จะนำเสนอข่าวสารล่าสุดจากประเทศไทยให้กับคุณ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นข่าวด่วน ข่าวซุบซิบ หรือแค่สิ่งที่น่าสนใจที่เราคิดว่าคุณจะชอบ เราจะโพสต์ไว้ในบล็อกของเราอย่างแน่นอน เราอัปเดตทุกวัน ดังนั้นอย่าลืมกลับมาตรวจสอบบ่อยๆ!

ทวิตเตอร์ 18+, 2020-01-20, Momente tandre în pat între Livia şi Cătălin! Concurenta a renunțat la tricou și…, Momente tandre în pat între Livia şi Cătălin! Cei doi concurenți de la Like a Star au dat frâu liber sentimentelor și… imaginației.
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History

2006–2007: Creation and initial reaction

Twitter’s origins lie in a “daylong brainstorming session” held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Jack Dorsey, then an undergraduate student at New York University, introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a small group.^[27][28] The original project code name for the service was twttr, the disemvowelled version of the word twitter, an idea that Williams later ascribed to Noah Glass,^[29] inspired by Flickr and the five-character length of American SMS short codes. The decision was also partly due to the fact that the domain twitter.com was already in use, and it was six months after the launch of twttr that the crew purchased the domain and changed the name of the service to Twitter.^[30] The developers initially considered “10958” as the service’s short code for SMS text messaging, but later changed it to “40404” for “ease of use and memorability”.^[31] Work on the project started on March 21, 2006, when Dorsey published the first Twitter message at 12:50 p.m. PST (UTC−08:00): “just setting up my twttr”.^[2] Dorsey has explained the origin of the “Twitter” title:^[32]

…we came across the word “twitter”, and it was just perfect. The definition was “a short burst of inconsequential information”, and “chirps from birds”. And that’s exactly what the product was.

The first Twitter prototype, developed by Dorsey and contractor Florian Weber, was used as an internal service for Odeo employees.^[33] The full version was introduced publicly on July 15, 2006.^[7] In October 2006, Biz Stone, Evan Williams, Dorsey, and other members of Odeo formed Obvious Corporation and acquired Odeo, together with its assets—including Odeo.com and Twitter.com—from the investors and shareholders.^[34] Williams fired Glass, who was silent about his part in Twitter’s startup until 2011.^[35] Twitter spun off into its own company in April 2007.^[36] Williams provided insight into the ambiguity that defined this early period in a 2013 interview:^[37]

With Twitter, it wasn’t clear what it was. They called it a social network, they called it microblogging, but it was hard to define, because it didn’t replace anything. There was this path of discovery with something like that, where over time you figure out what it is. Twitter actually changed from what we thought it was in the beginning, which we described as status updates and a social utility. It is that, in part, but the insight we eventually came to was Twitter was really more of an information network than it is a social network.

2007–2010

The tipping point for Twitter’s popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive (SXSWi) conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000.^[38] “The Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusively streaming Twitter messages,” remarked Newsweek‘s Steven Levy. “Hundreds of conference-goers kept tabs on each other via constant twitters. Panelists and speakers mentioned the service, and the bloggers in attendance touted it.”^[39] Reaction at the conference was highly positive. Blogger Scott Beale said that Twitter was “absolutely ruling” SXSWi. Social software researcher Danah Boyd said Twitter was “owning” the conference.^[40] Twitter staff received the festival’s Web Award prize with the remark “we’d like to thank you in 140 characters or less. And we just did!”^[41]

The company experienced rapid initial growth. It had 400,000 tweets posted per quarter in 2007. This grew to 100 million tweets posted per quarter in 2008. In February 2010, Twitter users were sending 50 million tweets per day.^[42] In 2009, Twitter won the “Breakout of the Year” Webby Award.^[43][44] On November 29, 2009, Twitter was named the Word of the Year by the Global Language Monitor, declaring it “a new form of social interaction”.^[45] By March 2010, the company recorded over 70,000 registered applications.^[46] As of June 2010, about 65 million tweets were posted each day, equaling about 750 tweets sent each second, according to Twitter.^[47] As of March 2011, that was about 140 million tweets posted daily.^[48] As noted on Compete.com, Twitter moved up to the third-highest-ranking social networking site in January 2009 from its previous rank of twenty-second.^[49]

Twitter’s usage spikes during prominent events. For example, a record was set during the 2010 FIFA World Cup when fans wrote 2,940 tweets per second in the thirty-second period after Japan scored against Cameroon on June 14, 2010. The record was broken again when 3,085 tweets per second were posted after the Los Angeles Lakers‘ victory in the 2010 NBA Finals on June 17, 2010,^[50] and then again at the close of Japan’s victory over Denmark in the World Cup when users published 3,283 tweets per second.^[51] The record was set again during the 2011 FIFA Women’s World Cup Final between Japan and the United States, when 7,196 tweets per second were published.^[52] When American singer Michael Jackson died on June 25, 2009, Twitter servers crashed after users were updating their status to include the words “Michael Jackson” at a rate of 100,000 tweets per hour.^[53] The current record as of August 3, 2013, was set in Japan, with 143,199 tweets per second during a television screening of the movie Castle in the Sky^[54] (beating the previous record of 33,388, also set by Japan for the television screening of the same movie).^[55]

The first unassisted off-Earth Twitter message was posted from the International Space Station by NASA astronaut T. J. Creamer on January 22, 2010.^[56] By late November 2010, an average of a dozen updates per day were posted on the astronauts’ communal account, @NASA_Astronauts. NASA has also hosted over 25 “tweetups”, events that provide guests with VIP access to NASA facilities and speakers with the goal of leveraging participants’ social networks to further the outreach goals of NASA. In August 2010, the company appointed Adam Bain from News Corp.‘s Fox Audience Network as president of revenue.^{[57][relevant? – discuss]}

Twitter acquired application developer Atebits on April 11, 2010. Atebits had developed the Apple Design Award-winning Twitter client Tweetie for the Mac and iPhone. The application, now called “Twitter” and distributed free of charge, is the official Twitter client for the iPhone, iPad and Mac.^[58]

2010–2014

From September through October 2010, the company began rolling out “New Twitter”, an entirely revamped edition of twitter.com. Changes included the ability to see pictures and videos without leaving Twitter itself by clicking on individual tweets which contain links to images and clips from a variety of supported websites including YouTube and Flickr, and a complete overhaul of the interface, which shifted links such as ‘@mentions’ and ‘Retweets’ above the Twitter stream, while ‘Messages’ and ‘Log Out’ became accessible via a black bar at the very top of twitter.com. As of November 1, 2010, the company confirmed that the “New Twitter experience” had been rolled out to all users. In 2019, Twitter was announced to be the 10th most downloaded mobile app of the decade, from 2010 to 2019.^[59]

On April 5, 2011, Twitter tested a new homepage and phased out the “Old Twitter”.^[60] However, a glitch came about after the page was launched, so the previous “retro” homepage was still in use until the issues were resolved; the new homepage was reintroduced on April 20.^[61][62] On December 8, 2011, Twitter overhauled its website once more to feature the “Fly” design, which the service says is easier for new users to follow and promotes advertising. In addition to the Home tab, the Connect and Discover tabs were introduced along with a redesigned profile and timeline of Tweets. The site’s layout has been compared to that of Facebook.^[63][64] On February 21, 2012, it was announced that Twitter and Yandex agreed to a partnership. Yandex, a Russian search engine, finds value within the partnership due to Twitter’s real time news feeds. Twitter’s director of business development explained that it is important to have Twitter content where Twitter users go.^[65] On March 21, 2012, Twitter celebrated its sixth birthday while also announcing that it had 140 million users and 340 million tweets per day. The number of users was up 40% from their September 2011 number, which was said to have been at 100 million at the time.^[66]

On June 5, 2012, a modified logo was unveiled through the company blog, removing the text to showcase the slightly redesigned bird as the sole symbol of Twitter.^[67][68] On December 18, 2012, Twitter announced it had surpassed 200 million monthly active users. Twitter hit 100 million monthly active users in September 2011.^[69]

On January 28, 2013, Twitter acquired Crashlytics in order to build out its mobile developer products.^[70] On April 18, 2013, Twitter launched a music app called Twitter Music for the iPhone.^[71] On August 28, 2013, Twitter acquired Trendrr,^[72] followed by the acquisition of MoPub on September 9, 2013.^[73] As of September 2013, the company’s data showed that 200 million users sent over 400 million tweets daily, with nearly 60% of tweets sent from mobile devices.^[74]

During Super Bowl XLVII on February 3, 2013, the power went out in the Mercedes-Benz Superdome Mondelez International vice president Lisa Mann was asked to tweet, “You can still dunk in the dark”, referring to Oreo cookies. She approved, and as she told Ad Age in 2020, “literally the world changed when I woke up the next morning.” This became a milestone in the development of commenting daily on culture.^[75]

2014–2020

In April 2014, Twitter underwent a redesign that made the site resemble Facebook somewhat, with profile picture and biography in a column left to the timeline, and a full-width header image with parallax scrolling effect.^[a] That layout was used as main for the desktop front end until July 2019, undergoing changes over time such as removal of shortcut buttons to jump to the previous or next tweet in early 2017, and rounded profile pictures since June 2017.^[76][77][78]

In April 2015, the Twitter.com desktop homepage changed.^[79] Later in the year it became apparent that growth had slowed, according to Fortune,^[80] Business Insider,^[81] Marketing Land^[82] and other news websites including Quartz (in 2016).^[83]

Since May 2018, tweet replies deemed by an artificial intelligence to be detractive from conversation are initially hidden, and only loaded through actuating a Show more replies button at the bottom.^[84]

In 2019, Twitter released another redesign of its user interface^[85] and ended support for TLS 1.0 and 1.1 connections.^[86]

2020–2022

Twitter experienced considerable growth in 2020, possibly due to the COVID-19 pandemic.^[87] The platform also was increasingly used for misinformation related to the pandemic.^[88] Twitter announced in March 2020 that it would start marking tweets which may contain misleading information, in some cases it will provide links to pages of fact-checking information.^[89]

On June 1, 2020, Twitter deactivated the legacy desktop front end of their web site that had originally been introduced in 2014,^[90][91] leaving the progressive web app version which was originally introduced in April 2017 as “Twitter Lite” for mobile phones^[92] and used by default since July 2019^[93] as the only option.

In November 2020, Twitter announced that it would develop a social audio feature on its platform.^[94] Later, In December 2020, Twitter began beta testing its social audio feature known as Spaces with iOS users on their platform.^[95]

“M2 Mobile Web”, the original mobile web front end of Twitter, later served as fallback legacy version to clients without JavaScript support and incompatible browsers such as game consoles with limited web browsing capability. It was shut down in December 2020.^[96]

After US president Donald Trump had used his Twitter account on May 26, 2020, to issue a statement related to possible fraud associated with mail-in voting ahead of the upcoming 2020 primary elections. Twitter moderators marked Trump’s tweets as “potentially misleading” and added links to a dedicated page with additional articles from other news sources on mail-in voting, the first time they had marked Trump’s tweets as such.^[97] Trump, who had previously alleged Twitter, and other technology companies, have an anti-conservative bias,^[98] announced his intention to enact regulations to take action against Twitter. Two days later, on May 28, 2020, Trump signed “Executive Order on Preventing Online Censorship”^[99] aimed to impact the protections of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act which Twitter and other social media sites have to avoid liability for dealing with moderation of user content on their platforms.^{[100][101][102]}

Twitter was among the platforms associated with the storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021. According to the Associated Press, “federal law enforcement authorities said that there was activity on Twitter, but that they weren’t expecting the level of violence they ultimately saw last Wednesday.”^[103] This led to Trump being suspended from Twitter for glorifying violence, among other reasons such as false allegations of election fraud. According to researcher Shannon McGregor, “Twitter’s permanent suspension of Trump’s Twitter account is long overdue.”^[104] However, among conservatives and some European leaders, a degree of controversy ensued over the power held by a private company over speech.^[105] Nathan Akehurst of Jacobin Magazine suggested that “Twitter profited from Donald Trump’s racist outbursts for years, only to delete his account a few days before his departure”.^[106]

In March 2021, Twitter started beta testing Spaces for Android users.^[107] On March 5, it was announced that Twitter was working on a feature that would offer users a short window of time to rethink a tweet after they hit send. Twitter confirmed to CNN that it is testing an undo option that could potentially let users correct or even to retract a tweet before it is posted on the site.^[108] On May 3, 2021, Twitter Spaces was released globally.^[109][110]

In 2021, Twitter announced an open source initiative that could be used by any social media platform and would make content moderation more transparent with a more robust appeals process. Called Bluesky, the use of such an open protocol would relieve companies of the sole responsibility for being centralized curators of content.^[111] The Twitter research team that began work on this effort was set up in late 2019.^[112]

On June 5, the Nigerian government issued an indefinite ban on Twitter usage in the country after the platform removed tweets made by the Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari.^[113] The company claimed the tweets violated its policies against “abusive behavior”. Twitter called the ban “deeply concerning”. Several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International^[114] and the local Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP),^[115] spoke out against the ban as well. The Nigerian government stated that the ban was not based solely on the removal of the tweets and was a result of “a litany of problems with the social media platform in Nigeria, where misinformation and fake news spread through it have had real world violent consequences”.^[116]

In June 2021, Twitter announced the beta rollout of its Super Follows feature. A group of users will be allowed to charge followers monthly for access to extra content, not available in their regular feed. The company also launched the Ticketed Spaces program in beta, a premium version of its audio room feature Spaces, which makes access to certain audio rooms paid.^[117]

Twitter rolled out changes in the interface on August 11, 2021. Among adjustments in color uses, the major change was converting to their new Chirp font, designed to allow left-alignment of most Western languages as to make browsing of tweets easier to follow.^[118]

An October 21, 2021, report based on a “long-running, massive-scale randomized experiment” that analyzed “millions of tweets sent between 1 April and 15 August 2020”, found that Twitter’s machine learning algorithm amplified right-leaning politics on personalized user Home timelines.^{[119]: 1 [120]} The report compared seven countries with active Twitter users where data was available—Germany, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, France, and Spain—and examined Tweets “from major political groups and politicians”.^[119]: 4 Researchers used the 2019 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHESDATA) to position parties on political ideology within each country.^[119]: 4 The “machine learning algorithms”—introduced by Twitter in 2016—personalized 99% of users’ feeds by displaying Tweets—even older Tweets and Retweets from accounts the user had not directly followed—but that the algorithm had “deemed relevant” to the users’ past preferences.^[119]: 4 Twitter randomly chose 1% of users whose Home timelines displayed content in reverse-chronological order from users they directly followed.^[119]: 2

In May 2022, Twitter agreed to pay $150 million to settle a lawsuit started by the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission. The lawsuit concerned Twitter’s use of email addresses and phone numbers of Twitter users to target advertisements at them. The company also agreed to third-party audits of its data privacy program.^[121]

In June 2022, it was announced that Twitter had formed a partnership agreement with Shopify, a Canadian e-commerce company. Through the partnership, Twitter stated it would launch a sales channel app for U.S. Shopify merchants.^[122]

2022–present

Proposed acquisition by Elon Musk

Business magnate Elon Musk revealed that he had bought 9.1% of Twitter for $2.64 billion on April 4, 2022.^{[123][124][125]} In response, Twitter’s stock rose by as much as 27% and Twitter shares experienced the largest intraday surge since Twitter’s IPO in 2013.^[126] Musk was offered a seat on Twitter’s board of directors as part of a deal that prohibited him from acquiring more than 14.9% of the company,^[124][127] but Musk decided not to join the board before his appointment became effective on April 9.^[128]

Musk then made an unsolicited offer on April 14 to acquire Twitter for $43 billion and take the company private,^[129] saying that he believed in the importance of free speech for democracy around the world. In a TED interview, Musk showed little interest in fighting internet censorship around the world, saying that “Twitter should match the laws of the country”. Instead, Musk’s concern about free speech has been directed almost entirely at Twitter’s moderation policies.^[130][131] Twitter’s board introduced a “poison pill” strategy on April 15, which would allow shareholders to buy additional stock should a hostile takeover occur as a means to block Musk’s takeover.^[132] On April 20, Musk secured $46.5 billion as a tender offer to buy Twitter.^[133][134] On April 25, it was reported that Twitter was prepared to accept Musk’s offer,^[135] with the board publicly accepting the offer later that day.^[136]

Musk has stated that his first plan is to open-source the algorithm that ranks tweets in the content feed, in order to increase transparency. He has stated intention to remove the spam bots, and to authenticate all real humans.^[137]

On July 8, Musk announced he was unilaterally terminating the proposed acquisition, claiming in a regulatory filing that Twitter was in “material breach” of several parts of the agreement by refusing to comply with Musk’s requests for spambot account data and dismissing high-ranking employees.^[138][139] In response, Twitter board chair Bret Taylor pledged to pursue legal action against Musk at the Delaware Court of Chancery with the goal of completing the acquisition.^[140][141] On July 10, Twitter hired the law firm Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz to represent their case, including “key lawyers” William Savitt and Leo Strine. Musk again employed the services of Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan after previously doing so for Unsworth v. Musk and SEC v. Musk.^[142] Twitter formally launched their lawsuit against Musk on July 12.^[143]

Whistleblower complaint

On August 23, 2022, the contents of a whistleblower complaint – by former Information Security head Peiter Zatko – to the United States Congress were published.

The complaint alleges Twitter has made multiple violations of United States securities regulations, the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, and a 2011 enforceable consent decree reached with the Federal Trade Commission after several issues between 2007 and 2010.^[144]

The whistleblower also alleged that Twitter gave the Indian government direct unsupervised access to the company’s systems and user data.^[145]

โปรดอ่านเพิ่มเติม ตรวจสอบลิงค์นี้ ทวิตเตอร์ 18+…

ประวัติ[แก้]

การคิดค้นและยุคเริ่มต้น[แก้]

ทวิตเตอร์มีต้นกำเนิดจากการระดมความคิด ที่ถูกจัดขึ้นโดยบริษัทโอดีโอ ซึ่งเป็นบริษัทพอดแคสติง โดยดอร์ซี เป็นนักศึกษาจากมหาวิทยาลัยนิวยอร์ก ได้แนะนำความคิดการส่งบริการข้อความสั้น หรือ เอสเอ็มเอส (SMS) พูดคุยและสนทนากันภายในกลุ่มเล็ก ๆ^[19][20] ช่วงแรกโค้ดเนมของบริการนี้มีชื่อว่า twttr ซึ่งวิลเลียมส์ได้แนะนำให้กับโนอาห์ กลาส^[21] โดยชื่อในรูปแบบนี้มีแรงบันดาลใจมากจากฟลิคเกอร์ (Flickr) และมีเพียง 5 ตัวอักษรคล้ายกับการส่งข้อความสั้นแบบชื่อย่อของชาวอเมริกัน ในช่วงแรกนั้น นักพัฒนาได้กำหนดหมายเลข “10958” เป็นรหัส แต่ภายหลังได้เปลี่ยนเป็น “40404” เพื่อความสะดวกในการใช้งาน^[22] การทำงานของโครงการนี้เริ่มต้นขึ้นในวันที่ 21 มีนาคม พ.ศ. 2549 เมื่อดอร์ซี ได้ทำการส่งทวีตแรกเมื่อเวลา 21:50 น. ตามเวลาท้องถิ่น ด้วยคำว่า “just setting up my twttr”^[2]

“…เราได้คำว่า ‘ทวิตเตอร์’ และมันสุดยอด มันคือการส่งข้อมูลด้วยข้อความสั้น เหมือนกับส่งด้วยนก ซึ่งบ่งบอกถึงว่าผลิตภัณฑ์เป็นอย่างไร” – แจ็ก ดอร์ซี^[23]

ต้นแบบของทวิตเตอร์ถูกนำมาใช้สำหรับพนักงานในบริษัทโอดีโอ และได้เผยแพร่ต่อสาธารณะในรุ่นสมบูรณ์เมื่อวันที่ 15 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2549^[7] ต่อมาในเดือนตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2549 บิซ สโตน, อีวานส์ วิลเลียมส์, แจ็ก ดอร์ซี และพนักงานของบริษัทโอดีโอ ได้ถูกโอนหุ้นทั้งหมดมาที่อ็อปวีโออุส รวมถึงเว็บไซต์ โอดีโอ.คอม และทวิตเตอร์.คอม ด้วย^[24] วิลเลียมส์ได้ถูกไล่ออก ซึ่งเขาเป็นส่วนหนึ่งกับทวิตเตอร์จนถึงช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2554^[25] และทวิตเตอร์ได้แยกออกมาตั้งเป็นบริษัทของตนเองในเดือนเมษายน พ.ศ. 2550^[26]

จุดเริ่มต้นของจำนวนการใช้งานทวิตเตอร์ที่เพิ่มมากขึ้น คือในงานเซาธ์บายเซาธ์เวสต์ หรือที่รู้จักกันในชื่อ SXSW ซึ่งจัดขึ้นในเมืองออสติน รัฐเท็กซัส ประเทศสหรัฐอเมริกา โดยระหว่างงาน การใช้งานทวิตเตอร์มีจำนวนเพิ่มมากขึ้นจาก 20,000 ทวีตต่อวัน เป็น 60,000 ทวีตต่อวัน^[27] ซึ่งมีส่วนเพราะการวางจอพลาสมาขนาด 60 นิ้วจำนวน 2 จอในทางเดินระหว่างงาน และจอจะแสดงทวีตที่ผู้ใช้งานทวีตเข้าสู่ระบบ โดยสตีเวน เลวี นักข่าวจากนิตยสารนิวส์วีก ได้กล่าวว่า “งานประชุมนับร้อยงาน ที่จะใช้ระบบทวิตเตอร์นี้ โดยที่จะสามารถโต้ตอบกันได้อย่างรวดเร็วผ่านการเมนชัน”^[28]

• ตัวอย่างหน้าทวิตเตอร์ของผู้ใช้รายหนึ่ง ซึ่งเป็นรูปแบบดั้งเดิมที่คนทั่วไปรู้จักกันดี

โปรดอ่านเพิ่มเติม ตรวจสอบลิงค์นี้ ทวิตเตอร์ 18+…

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โปรดอ่านเพิ่มเติม ตรวจสอบลิงค์นี้ ทวิตเตอร์ 18+…

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